The Iliad Of Homer: Translated Into English Blank Verse: Book III.

Argument Of The Third Book.     The armies meet. Paris throws out a challenge to the Grecian Princes. Menelaus accepts it. The terms of the combat are adjusted solemnly by Agamemnon on the part of Greece, and by Priam on the part of Troy. The combat ensues, in which Paris is vanquished, whom yet Venus rescues. Agamemnon demands from the Trojans a performance of the covenant.      [1]Now marshall'd all beneath their several chiefs,      With deafening shouts, and with the clang of arms,      The host of Troy advanced. Such clang is heard      Along the skies, when from incessant showers      Escaping, and from winter's cold, the cranes      Take wing, and over Ocean speed away;[2]      Wo to the land of dwarfs! prepared they fly      For slaughter of the small Pygman race.      Not so the Greeks; they breathing valor came,      But silent all, and all with faithful hearts      On succor mutual to the last, resolved.      As when the south wind wraps the mountain top      In mist the shepherd's dread, but to the thief      Than night itself more welcome, and the eye      Is bounded in its ken to a stone's cast,      Such from beneath their footsteps dun and dense      Uprose the dust, for swift they cross the plain.      When, host to host opposed, full nigh they stood,      Then Alexander[3] in the Trojan van      Advanced was seen, all beauteous as a God;      His leopard's skin, his falchion and his bow      Hung from his shoulder; bright with heads of brass      He shook two spears, and challenged to the fight      The bravest Argives there, defying all.      Him, striding haughtily his host before      When Menelaus saw, such joy he felt      As hunger-pinch'd the lion feels, by chance      Conducted to some carcase huge, wild goat,      Or antler'd stag; huntsmen and baying hounds      Disturb not him, he gorges in their sight.      So Menelaus at the view rejoiced      Of lovely Alexander, for he hoped      His punishment at hand. At once, all armed,      Down from his chariot to the ground he leap'd      When godlike Paris him in front beheld      Conspicuous, his heart smote him, and his fate      Avoiding, far within the lines he shrank.[4]      As one, who in some woodland height descrying      A serpent huge, with sudden start recoils,      His limbs shake under him; with cautious step      He slow retires; fear blanches cold his cheeks;      So beauteous Alexander at the sight      Of Atreus' son dishearten'd sore, the ranks      Of haughty Trojans enter'd deep again:      Him Hector eyed, and thus rebuked severe.      Curst Paris! Fair deceiver! Woman-mad!      I would to all in heaven that thou hadst died      Unborn, at least unmated! happier far      Than here to have incurr'd this public shame!      Well may the Grecians taunt, and laughing loud,      Applaud the champion, slow indeed to fight      And pusillanimous, but wondrous fair.      Wast thou as timid, tell me, when with those      Thy loved companions in that famed exploit,      Thou didst consort with strangers, and convey      From distant lands a warrior's beauteous bride      To be thy father's and his people's curse,      Joy to our foes, but to thyself reproach?      Behold her husband! Darest thou not to face      The warlike prince? Now learn how brave a Chief      Thou hast defrauded of his blooming spouse.      Thy lyre, thy locks, thy person, specious gifts      Of partial Venus, will avail thee nought,      Once mixt by Menelaus with the dust.      But we are base ourselves, or long ago,      For all thy numerous mischiefs, thou hadst slept      Secure beneath a coverlet[5] of stone.[6]      Then godlike Alexander thus replied.      Oh Hector, true in temper as the axe      Which in the shipwright's hand the naval plank      Divides resistless, doubling all his force,      Such is thy dauntless spirit whose reproach      Perforce I own, nor causeless nor unjust.      Yet let the gracious gifts uncensured pass      Of golden Venus; man may not reject      The glorious bounty by the Gods bestow'd,      Nor follows their beneficence our choice.      But if thy pleasure be that I engage      With Menelaus in decision fierce      Of desperate combat bid the host of Troy      And bid the Grecians sit; then face to face      Commit us, in the vacant field between,      To fight for Helen and for all her wealth.      Who strongest proves, and conquers, he, of her      And hers possess'd shall bear them safe away;      While ye (peace sworn and firm accord) shall dwell      At Troy, and these to Argos shall return      And to Achaia praised for women fair.      He ceased, whom Hector heard with joy; he moved      Into the middle space, and with his spear      Advanced athwart push'd back the Trojan van,      And all stood fast. Meantime at him the Greeks      Discharged full volley, showering thick around      From bow and sling;[7] when with a mighty voice      Thus Agamemnon, leader of the host.      Argives! Be still--shoot not, ye sons of Greece!      Hector bespeaks attention. Hear the Chief!      He said, at once the Grecians ceased to shoot,      And all sat silent. Hector then began.      Hear me, ye Trojans, and ye Greeks mail-arm'd,      While I shall publish in your ears the words      Of Alexander, author of our strife.      Trojans, he bids, and Grecians on the field      Their arms dispose; while he, the hosts between,      With warlike Menelaus shall in fight      Contend for Helen, and for all her wealth.      Who strongest proves, and conquers, he, of her      And hers possess'd, shall bear them safe away,      And oaths of amity shall bind the rest.      He ceased, and all deep silence held, amazed;      When valiant Menelaus thus began.      Hear now me also, on whose aching heart      These woes have heaviest fallen. At last I hope      Decision near, Trojans and Greeks between,      For ye have suffer'd in my quarrel much,      And much by Paris, author of the war.      Die he who must, and peace be to the rest.      But ye shall hither bring two lambs, one white,      The other black;[8] this to the Earth devote,      That to the Sun. We shall ourselves supply      A third for Jove. Then bring ye Priam forth,      Himself to swear the covenant, (for his sons      Are faithless) lest the oath of Jove be scorn'd.      Young men are ever of unstable mind;      But when an elder interferes, he views      Future and past together, and insures      The compact, to both parties, uninfringed.      So Menelaus spake; and in all hearts      Awaken'd joyful hope that there should end      War's long calamities. Alighted each,      And drew his steeds into the lines. The field      Glitter'd with arms put off, and side by side,      Ranged orderly, while the interrupted war      Stood front to front, small interval between.      Then Hector to the city sent in haste      Two heralds for the lambs, and to invite      Priam; while Agamemnon, royal Chief,      Talthybius to the Grecian fleet dismiss'd      For a third lamb to Jove; nor he the voice      Of noble Agamemnon disobey'd.      Iris, ambassadress of heaven, the while,      To Helen came. Ladice she seem'd,      Loveliest of all the daughters of the house      Of Priam, wedded to Antenor's son,      King Helicon. Her she found within,      An ample web magnificent she wove,[9]      Inwrought with numerous conflicts for her sake      Beneath the hands of Mars endured by Greeks      Mail-arm'd, and Trojans of equestrian fame.      Swift Iris, at her side, her thus address'd.      Haste, dearest nymph! a wondrous sight behold!      Greeks brazen-mail'd, and Trojans steed-renown'd.      So lately on the cruel work of Mars      Intent and hot for mutual havoc, sit      Silent; the war hath paused, and on his shield      Each leans, his long spear planted at his side.      Paris and Menelaus, warrior bold,      With quivering lances shall contend for thee,      And thou art his who conquers; his for ever.      So saying, the Goddess into Helen's soul      Sweetest desire infused to see again      Her former Lord, her parents, and her home.      At once o'ermantled with her snowy veil      She started forth, and as she went let fall      A tender tear; not unaccompanied      She went, but by two maidens of her train      Attended, thra, Pittheus' daughter fair,      And soft-eyed Clymene. Their hasty steps      Convey'd them quickly to the Scan gate.      There Priam, Panthous, Clytius, Lampus sat,      Thymoetes, Hicetaon, branch of Mars,      Antenor and Ucalegon the wise,      All, elders of the people; warriors erst,      But idle now through age, yet of a voice      Still indefatigable as the fly's[10]      Which perch'd among the boughs sends forth at noon      Through all the grove his slender ditty sweet.      Such sat those Trojan leaders on the tower,      Who, soon as Helen on the steps they saw,      In accents quick, but whisper'd, thus remark'd.      Trojans and Grecians wage, with fair excuse,      Long war for so much beauty.[11] Oh, how like      In feature to the Goddesses above!      Pernicious loveliness! Ah, hence away,      Resistless as thou art and all divine,      Nor leave a curse to us, and to our sons.      So they among themselves; but Priam call'd      Fair Helen to his side.[12] My daughter dear!      Come, sit beside me. Thou shalt hence discern      Thy former Lord, thy kindred and thy friends.      I charge no blame on thee. The Gods have caused,      Not thou, this lamentable war to Troy.[13]      Name to me yon Achaian Chief for bulk      Conspicuous, and for port. Taller indeed      I may perceive than he; but with these eyes      Saw never yet such dignity, and grace.      Declare his name. Some royal Chief he seems.      To whom thus Helen, loveliest of her sex,      My other Sire! by me for ever held      In reverence, and with filial fear beloved!      Oh that some cruel death had been my choice,      Rather than to abandon, as I did,      All joys domestic, matrimonial bliss,      Brethren, dear daughter, and companions dear,      A wanderer with thy son. Yet I alas!      Died not, and therefore now, live but to weep.      But I resolve thee. Thou behold'st the son      Of Atreus, Agamemnon, mighty king,      In arms heroic, gracious in the throne,      And, (though it shame me now to call him such,)      By nuptial ties a brother once to me.      Then him the ancient King-admiring, said.      Oh blest Atrides, happy was thy birth,      And thy lot glorious, whom this gallant host      So numerous, of the sons of Greece obey!      To vine-famed Phrygia, in my days of youth,      I journey'd; many Phrygians there I saw,      Brave horsemen, and expert; they were the powers      Of Otreus and of Mygdon, godlike Chief,      And on the banks of Sangar's stream encamp'd.      I march'd among them, chosen in that war      Ally of Phrygia, and it was her day      Of conflict with the man-defying race,      The Amazons; yet multitudes like these      Thy bright-eyed Greeks, I saw not even there.      The venerable King observing next      Ulysses, thus inquired. My child, declare      Him also. Shorter by the head he seems      Than Agamemnon, Atreus' mighty son,      But shoulder'd broader, and of ampler chest;      He hath disposed his armor on the plain,      But like a ram, himself the warrior ranks      Ranges majestic; like a ram full-fleeced      By numerous sheep encompass'd snowy-white.      To whom Jove's daughter Helen thus replied.      In him the son of old Lartes know,      Ulysses; born in Ithaca the rude,      But of a piercing wit, and deeply wise.      Then answer thus, Antenor sage return'd.      Princess thou hast described him: hither once      The noble Ithacan, on thy behalf      Ambassador with Menelaus, came:      Beneath my roof, with hospitable fare      Friendly I entertained them. Seeing then      Occasion opportune, I closely mark'd      The genius and the talents of the Chiefs,      And this I noted well; that when they stood      Amid the assembled counsellors of Troy,      Then Menelaus his advantage show'd,      Who by the shoulders overtopp'd his friend.      But when both sat, Ulysses in his air      Had more of state and dignity than he.      In the delivery of a speech address'd      To the full senate, Menelaus used      Few words, but to the matter, fitly ranged,      And with much sweetness utter'd; for in loose      And idle play of ostentatious terms      He dealt not, though he were the younger man.      But when the wise Ulysses from his seat      Had once arisen, he would his downcast eyes      So rivet on the earth, and with a hand      That seem'd untutor'd in its use, so hold      His sceptre, swaying it to neither side,      That hadst thou seen him, thou hadst thought him, sure,      Some chafed and angry idiot, passion-fixt.      Yet, when at length, the clear and mellow base      Of his deep voice brake forth, and he let fall      His chosen words like flakes of feather'd snow,      None then might match Ulysses; leisure, then,      Found none to wonder at his noble form.      The third of whom the venerable king      Inquired, was Ajax.--Yon Achaian tall,      Whose head and shoulders tower above the rest,      And of such bulk prodigious--who is he?      Him answer'd Helen, loveliest of her sex.      A bulwark of the Greeks. In him thou seest      Gigantic Ajax. Opposite appear      The Cretans, and among the Chiefs of Crete      stands, like a God, Idomeneus. Him oft      From Crete arrived, was Menelas wont      To entertain; and others now I see,      Achaians, whom I could recall to mind,      And give to each his name; but two brave youths      I yet discern not; for equestrian skill      One famed, and one a boxer never foiled;      My brothers; born of Leda; sons of Jove;      Castor and Pollux. Either they abide      In lovely Sparta still, or if they came,      Decline the fight, by my disgrace abash'd      And the reproaches which have fallen on me.[14]      She said; but they already slept inhumed      In Lacedemon, in their native soil.      And now the heralds, through the streets of Troy      Charged with the lambs, and with a goat-skin filled      With heart-exhilarating wine prepared      For that divine solemnity, return'd.      Idus in his hand a beaker bore      Resplendent, with its fellow cups of gold,      And thus he summon'd ancient Priam forth.      Son of Lamedon, arise. The Chiefs      Call thee, the Chiefs of Ilium and of Greece.      Descend into the plain. We strike a truce,      And need thine oath to bind it. Paris fights      With warlike Menelas for his spouse;      Their spears decide the strife. The conqueror wins      Helen and all her treasures. We, thenceforth,      (Peace sworn and amity) shall dwell secure      In Troy, while they to Argos shall return      And to Achaia praised for women fair.      He spake, and Priam, shuddering, bade his train      Prepare his steeds; they sedulous obey'd.      First, Priam mounting, backward stretch'd the reins;      Antenor, next, beside him sat, and through      The Scan gate they drove into the plain.      Arriving at the hosts of Greece and Troy      They left the chariot, and proceeded both      Into the interval between the hosts.      Then uprose Agamemnon, and uprose      All-wise Ulysses. Next, the heralds came      Conspicuous forward, expediting each      The ceremonial; they the beaker fill'd      With wine, and to the hands of all the kings      Minister'd water. Agamemnon then      Drawing his dagger which he ever bore      Appendant to his heavy falchion's sheath,      Cut off the forelocks of the lambs,[15] of which      The heralds gave to every Grecian Chief      A portion, and to all the Chiefs of Troy.      Then Agamemnon raised his hands, and pray'd.      Jove, Father, who from Ida stretchest forth      Thine arm omnipotent, o'erruling all,      And thou, all-seeing and all-hearing Sun,      Ye Rivers, and thou conscious Earth, and ye      Who under earth on human kind avenge      Severe, the guilt of violated oaths,      Hear ye, and ratify what now we swear!      Should Paris slay the hero amber-hair'd,      My brother Menelas, Helen's wealth      And Helen's self are his, and all our host      Shall home return to Greece; but should it chance      That Paris fall by Menelas' hand,      Then Troy shall render back what she detains,      With such amercement as is meet, a sum      To be remember'd in all future times.      Which penalty should Priam and his sons      Not pay, though Paris fall, then here in arms      I will contend for payment of the mulct      My due, till, satisfied, I close the war.      He said, and with his ruthless steel the lambs      Stretch'd panting all, but soon they ceased to pant,      For mortal was the stroke.[16] Then drawing forth      Wine from the beaker, they with brimming cups      Hail'd the immortal Gods, and pray'd again,      And many a Grecian thus and Trojan spake.      All-glorious Jove, and ye the powers of heaven,      Whoso shall violate this contract first,      So be the brains of them and of their sons      Pour'd out, as we this wine pour on the earth,      And may their wives bring forth to other men!      So they: but them Jove heard not. Then arose      Priam, the son of Dardanus, and said,      Hear me, ye Trojans and ye Greeks well-arm'd.      Hence back to wind-swept Ilium I return,      Unable to sustain the sight, my son      With warlike Menelas match'd in arms.      Jove knows, and the immortal Gods, to whom      Of both, this day is preordain'd the last.      So spake the godlike monarch, and disposed      Within the royal chariot all the lambs;      Then, mounting, check'd the reins; Antenor next      Ascended, and to Ilium both return'd.      First, Hector and Ulysses, noble Chief,      Measured the ground; then taking lots for proof      Who of the combatants should foremost hurl      His spear, they shook them in a brazen casque;      Meantime the people raised their hands on high,      And many a Grecian thus and Trojan prayed.      Jove, Father, who on Ida seated, seest      And rulest all below, glorious in power!      Of these two champions, to the drear abodes      Of Ades him appoint who furnish'd first      The cause of strife between them, and let peace      Oath-bound, and amity unite the rest!      So spake the hosts; then Hector shook the lots,      Majestic Chief, turning his face aside.      Forth sprang the lot of Paris. They in ranks      Sat all, where stood the fiery steeds of each,      And where his radiant arms lay on the field.      Illustrious Alexander his bright arms      Put on, fair Helen's paramour. [17]He clasp'd      His polish'd greaves with silver studs secured;      His brother's corselet to his breast he bound,      Lycaon's, apt to his own shape and size,      And slung athwart his shoulders, bright emboss'd,      His brazen sword; his massy buckler broad      He took, and to his graceful head his casque      Adjusted elegant, which, as he moved,      Its bushy crest waved dreadful; last he seized,      Well fitted to his gripe, his ponderous spear.      Meantime the hero Menelas made      Like preparation, and his arms put on.      When thus, from all the multitude apart,      Both combatants had arm'd, with eyes that flash'd      Defiance, to the middle space they strode,      Trojans and Greeks between. Astonishment      Seized all beholders. On the measured ground      Full near they stood, each brandishing on high      His massy spear, and each was fiery wroth.      First, Alexander his long-shadow'd spear      Sent forth, and on his smooth shield's surface struck      The son of Atreus, but the brazen guard      Pierced not, for at the disk, with blunted point      Reflex, his ineffectual weapon stay'd.      Then Menelas to the fight advanced      Impetuous, after prayer offer'd to Jove.[18]      King over all! now grant me to avenge      My wrongs on Alexander; now subdue      The aggressor under me; that men unborn      May shudder at the thought of faith abused,      And hospitality with rape repaid.      He said, and brandishing his massy spear,      Dismiss'd it. Through the burnish'd buckler broad      Of Priam's son the stormy weapon flew,      Transpierced his costly hauberk, and the vest      Ripp'd on his flank; but with a sideward bend      He baffled it, and baulk'd the dreadful death.      Then Menelas drawing his bright blade,      Swung it aloft, and on the hairy crest      Smote him; but shiver'd into fragments small      The falchion at the stroke fell from his hand.      Vexation fill'd him; to the spacious heavens      He look'd, and with a voice of wo exclaim'd--      Jupiter! of all powers by man adored      To me most adverse! Confident I hoped      Revenge for Paris' treason, but my sword      Is shivered, and I sped my spear in vain.      So saying, he sprang on him, and his long crest      Seized fast; then, turning, drew him by that hold      Toward the Grecian host. The broider'd band      That underbraced his helmet at the chin,      Strain'd to his smooth neck with a ceaseless force,      Chok'd him; and now had Menelaus won      Deathless renown, dragging him off the field,      But Venus, foam-sprung Goddess, feeling quick      His peril imminent, snapp'd short the brace      Though stubborn, by a slaughter'd[19] ox supplied,      And the void helmet follow'd as he pull'd.      That prize the Hero, whirling it aloft,      Threw to his Greeks, who caught it and secured,      Then with vindictive strides he rush'd again      On Paris, spear in hand; but him involved      In mist opaque Venus with ease divine      Snatch'd thence, and in his chamber placed him, fill'd      With scents odorous, spirit-soothing sweets.      Nor stay'd the Goddess, but at once in quest      Of Helen went; her on a lofty tower      She found, where many a damsel stood of Troy,      And twitch'd her fragrant robe. In form she seem'd      An ancient matron, who, while Helen dwelt      In Lacedmon, her unsullied wool      Dress'd for her, faithfullest of all her train.      Like her disguised the Goddess thus began.      Haste--Paris calls thee--on his sculptured couch,      (Sparkling alike his looks and his attire)      He waits thy wish'd return. Thou wouldst not dream      That he had fought; he rather seems prepared      For dance, or after dance, for soft repose.      So saying, she tumult raised in Helen's mind.      Yet soon as by her symmetry of neck,      By her love-kindling breasts and luminous eyes      She knew the Goddess, her she thus bespake.      Ah whence, deceitful deity! thy wish      Now to ensnare me? Wouldst thou lure me, say,      To some fair city of Monian name      Or Phrygian, more remote from Sparta still?      Hast thou some human favorite also there?      Is it because Atrides hath prevailed      To vanquish Paris, and would bear me home      Unworthy as I am, that thou attempt'st      Again to cheat me? Go thyself--sit thou      Beside him--for his sake renounce the skies;      Watch him, weep for him; till at length his wife      He deign to make thee, or perchance his slave.      I go not (now to go were shame indeed)      To dress his couch; nor will I be the jest      Of all my sex in Ilium. Oh! my griefs      Are infinite, and more than I can bear.      To whom, the foam-sprung Goddess, thus incensed.      Ah wretch! provoke not me; lest in my wrath      Abandoning thee, I not hate thee less      Than now I fondly love thee, and beget      Such detestation of thee in all hearts,      Grecian and Trojan, that thou die abhorr'd.      The Goddess ceased. Jove's daughter, Helen, fear'd,      And, in her lucid veil close wrapt around,      Silent retired, of all those Trojan dames      Unseen, and Venus led, herself, the way.      Soon then as Alexander's fair abode      They reach'd, her maidens quick their tasks resumed,      And she to her own chamber lofty-roof'd      Ascended, loveliest of her sex. A seat      For Helen, daughter of Jove gis-arm'd,      To Paris opposite, the Queen of smiles      Herself disposed; but with averted eyes      She sat before him, and him keen reproach'd.      Thou hast escaped.--Ah would that thou hadst died      By that heroic arm, mine husband's erst!      Thou once didst vaunt thee in address and strength      Superior. Go then--challenge yet again      The warlike Menelas forth in fight.      But hold. The hero of the amber locks      Provoke no more so rashly, lest the point      Of his victorious spear soon stretch thee dead.      She ended, to whom Paris thus replied.      Ah Helen, wound me not with taunt severe!      Me, Menelas, by Minerva's aid,      Hath vanquish'd now, who may hereafter, him.      We also have our Gods. But let us love.      For never since the day when thee I bore      From pleasant Lacedmon o'er the waves      To Crane's fair isle, and first enjoy'd      Thy beauty, loved I as I love thee now,      Or felt such sweetness of intense desire.      He spake, and sought his bed, whom follow'd soon      Jove's daughter, reconciled to his embrace.      But Menelas like a lion ranged      The multitude, inquiring far and near      For Paris lost. Yet neither Trojan him      Nor friend of Troy could show, whom, else, through love      None had conceal'd, for him as death itself      All hated, but his going none had seen.      Amidst them all then spake the King of men.      Trojans, and Dardans, and allies of Troy!      The warlike Menelas hath prevailed,      As is most plain. Now therefore bring ye forth      Helen with all her treasures, also bring      Such large amercement as is meet, a sum      To be remember'd in all future times.      So spake Atrides, and Achaia's host      With loud applause confirm'd the monarch's claim.